Items

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• Membership Letter, F. Bleax, Pastor
  Recommendation Letter for Deacon Ebenezer Williams. The Deacon's pastor, Pastor Bleax, writes a letter of support summarizing his character, service and contribution to Mt Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church of Westbury, Long Island, NY. Though not specifically stated, it is believed that the intended recipient of the letter would have been church leadership at Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia.
• Marriage certificate, [Washington C. Young to Amanda L. West]
  This marriage certificate for Washington Craig Young (January 2, 1860-November 2, 1931) and Amanda L. (West) Young (June 20, 1860-January 20, 1943) features two bust-length, carte-de-visite studio portrait photographs, gold touches, pictorial details, an ornate border, and text.
• Letter, Rebecca Johnson to Miss Anderson, May 19, 1945
  This letter was sent by Miss Rebecca Mary Johnson (July 10, 1905-October 4, 1991) to Miss Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897-April 8, 1993) on May 19, 1945. This letter was sent to share details about “a project for… intercultural advancement” that will feature famous Black Americans, like Marian Anderson (p. 1). Johnson asks Anderson questions about herself to be used in the exhibit for the benefit of the Springfield, Massachusetts community and youth.
• Letter with envelope by Garland Fields Sr. to Emeline Gillette.
  Garland Fields Sr. was the father of Beverly Mills's uncle, Garland Fields Jr. Beverly's grandfather. This first of two love letters describes their courtship and his strong feelings for Emeline, who ultimately did not marry him. Letters had been framed, images attached, and removed for digitization.
• [Harry Nelson in front of his Doylestown barber shop]
  On the reverse of this photography is written "Harry Nelson Doylestown/Barber. This black and white photograph shows Nelson standing outside of a store.
• Lancaster Productions International press release for Byard Lancaster
• Keep Us Flying poster
  Poster created by the U.S. Treasury Department during World War II to encourage war bond purchase.
• Correspondence for James E. Adams
• Correspondence for Bill Leslie
  Bill Leslie’s urgent letter to members provided a small glimpse into the Clef Club’s money matters. To dig deeper into its financial history, one would have to search the archives at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts 2013).
• James E. Adams's Business Card
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• American Federation of Musicians application
• John W. Coltrane dues record
  A 2-page balance sheet of union dues from legendary jazz saxophonist, composer, and band leader John William Coltrane (1926-1967). The dues are for local chapters of the American Federation of Musicians (AFM) of which John Coltrane was a member–Local 802 serving New York and Local 274 for Philadelphia.
• The Philadelphia Cotillion Society presents The Dra-Mu Opera Company in "Carmen"
  The Dra-Mu Opera Company, "Dra-Mu", was a significant Black opera company in Philadelphia, active during the mid-20th century. Co-founded by Raymond L. Smith and Henri Elkan (Van Atta 1980), the company provided a platform for Black artists to perform operatic works at a time when opportunities in mainstream opera were limited due to racial discrimination.
• Letter, Ronia Barmas to the greatest singer, April 17, 1951
  This letter was sent by Ronia Barnas presumably of Brooklyn, New York to Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897-April 8, 1993) on April 17th, 1951. The letter was written to complement Anderson on the remarkable beauty of her voice that reaches “never before reached heights” (p. 2). Signing the letter off as Anderson’s “admirer,” Barnas expresses her desire to hear her in person and say: “‘You Marian Anderson - are the greatest singer of them all.’”
• Letter, William J. Goggans to Miss Anderson, January 26, 1957
  A typed letter from then soldier, educator, and musician William James Goggans (1933-2003) to globally renowned contralto Marian Anderson Fisher (1897-1993). In his letter, Goggans expresses his admiration for Marian Anderson. He congratulates her for being selected as one of the 10 most admired women in the world and asks her to inform him if she plans to perform in the Washington, D.C. area in the near future.
• Letter, John Hassett to Miss Marian Anderson, December 31, 1957
  Little is known about John Hassett, the person. The letter was written on proprietor’s stationery for a South Norwalk, Connecticut retail shop specializing in religious goods, greeting cards, novelties, and gift wrapping (HASSETT’S Religious Goods1962).
• Letter, Helen Good to Marian Anderson, December 20, 1957
  This letter was sent by Helen Marie Good (March 15, 1939-) of Elkhart, Indiana to Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897-April 8, 1993) on April 17th, 1951. The letter was written by Good to introduce herself to Anderson, and to express her and her mother’s excitement to see her in concert at Goshen College in the summer of 1957.
• Letter, Kathleen Brown to Miss Fisher, November 26, 1954
  A two-page, handwritten letter from music student Kathleen Brown to globally renowned contralto Marian Anderson Fisher (1897-1993). In the letter, Brown describes financial constraints in paying for her tuition at Juilliard School of Music. She asks for Marian Anderson to write a letter to the radio game show “Strike It Rich.”
• Letter, Charlie Hall Jr. to Miss Anderson, May 5, 1939
  A letter from Charlie Hall Jr., a 16-year-old African American farmer and 10th-grade student from Lawndale, North Carolina, to singer Marian Anderson, dated May 5, 1939. Written shortly after Anderson’s historic Easter concert at the Lincoln Memorial, the letter conveys Hall’s admiration for her artistry and resilience, as well as parallels to his own life. Weeks earlier, Charlie had heard Anderson’s voice—maybe through the radio, maybe from news of her historic performance at the Lincoln Memorial and called it “beautiful”.
• Letter, Mary Emma Jones to Miss Anderson, 1945
  This letter was sent by Mary Emma Jones (1928-) of Trappe, Collegeville, Pennsylvania to Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897-April 8, 1993) in 1945, presumably towards the end of Mary’s junior year at Collegeville Trappe High School. The purpose of this letter is to request compelling information from Anderson so that her junior year term paper would be impressive, and make her parents proud (page 2). Jones repeatedly offers compliments, gratitude, and appreciation to Anderson. She notes that she has attended Anderson’s concerts in Philadelphia, which would be about an hour (roughly 32 miles) from Collegeville, PA.
• Letter, Cheryl G. Jones to Miss Anderson, August 27, 1969
  An envelope, two-page letter, and signed photograph mailed by high school student and aspiring singer Cheryl G. Jones to globally renowned contralto Marian Anderson Fisher (1897-1993). The letter is among many letters from aspiring singers and musicians included in the Marian Anderson Papers. Anderson's life was an inspiration to them and to countless others in the United States and abroad (Kruesi 1998).
• Letter, Jane Frink to Miss Marian, September 9, 1974
  Hoosier Jane Frink was an avid singer in high school and college. She garnered numerous awards and medals, according to print media accounts (The Terre Haute Tribune 1974), (The Terre Haute Tribune 1976). She married in 1981, though it was uncertain as to whether her vocal career blossomed (Frink n.d.).
• Letter, Barlana Bates to Miss Anderson
  This letter was sent by Barlana Bates (c. 1942) to Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897-April 8, 1993) sometime after December 30th, 1957. The letter appears to have been drawn on tracing paper. The front of the card is very colorful, with an illustration drawn with crayon of two people in parkas above an American flag, and below text that reads “A Salute to Alaska!”
• Letter, Marilyn Bazick to Miss Anderson, January 16, 1958
  A handmade card to globally renowned contralto Marian Anderson Fisher (1897-1993) from a student named Marilyn Bazick. The card’s letter is written in blue ink in two separate handwritings. Colorful stars and flower shapes drawn in crayon decorate the card. The letter is among many letters from students, aspiring singers and musicians included in the Marian Anderson Papers. Anderson's life was an inspiration to them and to countless others in the United States and abroad (Kruesi 1998).
• Letter, Mary Helen Stanek to Marian Anderson, February 21, 1952
  Mary Helen Stanek, age 71 was never married but was a lifelong cat lover (Mary Helen Stanek Obit 1941 ). The birthday card and brief letter was from Mary age 10, of Lehigh, Iowa, to Marian Anderson, dated February 21, 1952. Stanek writes to wish Anderson “years and years of happiness” upon discovering they share the same birthday, February 27th.
• Letter, Dutch Barhydt to Miss Anderson, May 16,1971
  Dutch’s (b. 1958) letter implies that he is a dedicated collector. For a 13 year old (U.S., City Directories: Dirck Barhydt Jr, n.d.), his objective is collecting original signatures from famous and influential people, including presidents and prime ministers. The teenager successfully acquired Miss Anderson’s signature.
• The diary of Sallie Sanders Venning
• Cogdell, Mary Ann Elizabeth Stevens: Watercolor with poem by Cordelia Sanders on back
  The Stevens-Cogdell-Sanders-Venning family papers document the development of a white family and a prominent middle-class African American family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, beginning with the 1760s emigration of John Stevens from England to South Carolina. The materials date from 1734 to 1982 and consist of scrapbooks, ephemera, newspaper clippings, Common Prayer books, invitations, holiday cards, correspondence, business papers, and a variety of personal papers. The materials document the Stevens-Cogdell-Sanders-Venning families’ professional, family, and personal lives as well as the development of a prominent middle-class African American family.
• Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School charter and certificate of incorporation
• First Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School, 1512 Lombard Street Philadelphia 1896
  Founded in 1895 by Dr. Nathan F. Mossell (1856 - 1946), the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School was the first Black owned and operated healthcare institution in the country (Barbara Bates 1992).
• Reducing and Body Building, Don Blackman, Physical Culture Studios
  This leaflet serves as an advertisement for Don Blackman's exercise studio. It is one sided featuring a black and white portrait and contact information. It lists the facilities and programs available, including a gym, steam tables, massages, self-defense courses, and sun lamp treatments. Also included are Don Blackman's credentials as "Undefeated Light Heavyweight Champion of the World". 8 1/2 cm. x 16 cm.
• Laura and Frank Brashsears, stereoscopic photo
  Glossy black and white photo of Laura and Frank Brashears "Under the shade of the old apple tree. Aug. 12, 1906." Laura is holding an old camera of the day. Frank is wearing a dress shirt and slacks, and Laura has on a fancy white dress. Her hair is pinned up. They are dressed typically for that era. Laura is around 31 years old and Frank is around 29 years old.
• [Dinner at the Myers home in Levittown]
  This item is a black and white glossy photograph of William and Daisy Myers having dinner in their Levittown home. The couple are dressed in casual attire as William sits at the table while Daisy pours him coffee. When Levittown was first created the housing agreements included racist policies barring people of color from living in the community. The Myers became the first Black family to move into the 15,000 home all-White Levittown community in Bristol Township. They moved out of the integrated housing community of Bloomsdale to 43 Deepgreen Lane in Levittown, PA in August 1957.
• [William Myers, Jr. and Daisy Myers sitting at home]
  This item is a black and white press photograph of William and Daisy Myers sitting together on a couch. When Levittown was first created the housing agreements included racist policies barring people of color from living in the community. The Myers became the first Black family to move into the 15,000 home all-White Levittown community in Bristol Township. They moved out of the integrated housing community of Bloomsdale to 43 Deepgreen Lane in Levittown in August 1957. The move had only been the distance of one mile but the Myers’ family new address lead to months of protests and threats from White local citizens. Eventually, with the aid of police and media coverage the protests stopped. The Myers remained in their Levittown home for four years.
• Will of Jeremiah Langhorne
  Jeremiah Langhorne of Middletown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, sets forth his last will and testament, first entrusting his soul to God and directing that his body be buried at his executors’ discretion. His primary estate, an 800-acre plantation known as Langhorne Park, is devised to his grand-nephew Thomas Biles, with provisions for heirs of his body, and in default, to his niece Sarah Growdon and her heirs, then to her husband Lawrence Growdon. He carefully stipulates that three enslaved men—Jo, Cudjo, and London—are to remain in possession of the plantation until March 25, 1751, subject to rent payments, cultivation restrictions, and responsibilities for supporting Boson, enslaved women, and their children. After that period, the enslaved families are to be housed, given livestock, and in some cases granted small tracts of land. Langhorne further provides for the manumission of his enslaved people: all those aged twenty-four at his death (except Boson) are to be freed immediately, and the remainder upon reaching twenty-four. Beyond provisions for servants and enslaved people, Langhorne bequeaths sums of money and land to members of his extended family. His nephews, nieces, and their children—including members of the Biles, Pennington, and Bates families—receive significant inheritances, both in cash and in landholdings across Bucks County and beyond. He also leaves property to friends’ heirs (notably the Hamiltons) and to distant kinsmen in England. In addition to financial gifts, he directs that livestock, farming equipment, and household provisions be distributed among Jo, Cudjo, London, and other servants. Langhorne’s will demonstrates both the complexity of landholding in colonial Pennsylvania and the intertwined presence of enslavement, family inheritance, and patronage networks within his estate planning.
• Dedication Service of Communion Drapes Bethel A.M.E. Church
  This ceremony documented a church dedication service at Bethel African Methodist Episcopal on January 6, 1952. Located on Rittenhouse Street in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, the program celebrated the consecration of new communion drapes. The service blended liturgy with community devotion, invoked the Trinity and called all generations to gather in unity.
• Flyer for Vacation Bible School
  This is a flyer for a daily Vacation Bible School held in the Sunday School Auditorium at the Mother Bethel AME Church from July 20-31st, 1959.
• Membership letter written by Pastor Lindsay on behalf of Lucy Arnold
• The A.M.E Minister's Wives Alliance of Philadelphia and Vicinity Fellowship Christmas Dinner
  A program for The A.M.E Minister's Wives Alliance of Philadelphia and Vicinity Fellowship Christmas Dinner Thursday, December 28, 1950 6:30 p.m.
• "Pickle Your Easter Eggs"
  The front and back of a clipping pasted in a scrapbook from the Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church. The clipping contains a recipe for pickling dyed Easter eggs written by culinary journalist Clementine Paddleford. The back contains various advertisements.
• Transfer of Church Membership
  Transfer letters were given to Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal members when they moved from church to church.
• [Sammy Davis, Jr. on Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey]
  Entertainer Sammy Davis, Jr. having fun with friends on Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Sammy Davis Jr. was an actor and musician famous for being a part of the famed "Rat Pack" in the 1950s and 1960s.
• [Joe Louis on Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey]
  A black and white photograph taken by John W. Mosley (1907-1969). The photo features heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis (1914-1981) who sits in the center socializing with eight people on Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey. From 1937 to 1949, Joe Louis reigned as the heavyweight boxing champion of the world. He defended his title 25 times and was beaten only three times (Martha Louis 1991).
• Gloria Phillis, Butch Williams, and Cheryl Steele on Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey
  A black and white photograph taken by John W. Mosley. The image features five young Black people at the famous Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
• [Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on Chicken Bone Beach]
  Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rev. Russell A. Roberts posed for a snapshot while relaxing on segregated Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
• [Two women walking on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, NJ]
  A black and white photograph taken by John W. Mosley. The image features two stylish Black women walking the boardwalk near Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The pair smile while sporting cat-eyed frame sunglasses. The Warren Theater–formerly the Warner Theater and currently The Hook–sits in the background.
• [African-American sunbathers stroll down Missouri Avenue]
  Five smiling and styling women take a coordinated step forward down Missouri Avenue around Chicken Bone Beach, New Jersey.
• [Group of people having cocktails on the beach]
  Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection: Chicken Bone Beach was the segregated section for African Americans on Atlantic City's beach area. Between 1900 and the early 1950s, African Americans were socially restricted to use the Missouri Avenue Beach Area. Since many vacationing Black families arrived with chicken-laden hampers, the strip became affectionately named “Chicken Bone Beach”.
• [People playing cards on the beach]
  A black and white photograph taken by John W. Mosley (1907-1969). The photo features four unidentified Black people playing cards at Chicken Bone Beach. In the background, beach goers socialize in beach chairs.
• [Woman wearing large straw hat poses on the beach]
  This photo features a smiling, glowing woman in a one-piece strapless bathing suit and a large straw hat posing in the sand in the sunshine at Chicken Bone Beach.
• [African-American women pose in Atlantic City]
  African-American women pose in Atlantic City. Chicken Bone Beach was the segregated section for African Americans on Atlantic City's beach area. Between 1900 and the early 1950s, African Americans were socially restricted to use the Missouri Avenue Beach Area. Since many vacationing Black families arrived with chicken-laden hampers, the strip became affectionately named "Chicken Bone Beach."
• [African-American women pose carrying beach supplies in Atlantic City.]
  A black and white photograph taken by John W. Mosley. The image features three stylish, unidentified Black women posing on the steps of the boardwalk near Chicken Bone Beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Belongings in hand, two of the women smile directly towards the camera, while the other smiles while looking to the side.
• [Man and woman in a motorboat]
  Chicken Bone Beach was the segregated section for African Americans on Atlantic City's beach area. Between 1900 and the early 1950s, African Americans were socially restricted to use the Missouri Avenue Beach Area.
• Helen Curry (right) poses for a photograph.
  Helen Curry (right) poses for a photograph. Chicken Bone Beach was the segregated section for African Americans on Atlantic City's beach area. Between 1900 and the early 1950s, African Americans were socially restricted to use the Missouri Avenue Beach Area. Since many vacationing Black families arrived with chicken-laden hampers, the strip became affectionately named "Chicken Bone Beach."
• [Family at the Atlantic City Beach Patrol Station]
  Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection: Chicken Bone Beach was the segregated section for African Americans on Atlantic City's beach area. Between 1900 and the early 1950s, African Americans were socially restricted to use the Missouri Avenue Beach Area. Since many vacationing Black families arrived with chicken-laden hampers, the strip became affectionately named “Chicken Bone Beach”.
• Dra Mu Il Trovatore by Giuseppe Verdi
  Dra Mu program for Il Trovatore by Giuseppe Verdi The Dra-Mu Opera Company, "Dra-Mu", was a significant Black opera company in Philadelphia, active during the mid-20th century. Co-founded by Raymond L. Smith and Henri Elkan (Van Atta 1980), the company provided a platform for Black artists to perform operatic works at a time when opportunities in mainstream opera were limited due to racial discrimination.
• The Dra Mu Opera Company presents Carmen
  Program for a concert given by the Dra Mu Opera Company on November 3, 1947 at the Academy of Music.
• Dra Mu, Carmen (photograph)
  Dra Mu Company image of orchestra in Carmen
• Dra Mu Opera Company Presents Cavalleria and Il Tabarro
  The Dra-Mu Opera Company, "Dra-Mu", was a significant Black opera company in Philadelphia, active during the mid-20th century. Co-founded by Raymond L. Smith and Henri Elkan (Van Atta 1980), the company provided a platform for Black artists to perform operatic works at a time when opportunities in mainstream opera were limited due to racial discrimination.
• Dra Mu Opera Company Presents Henri Elkan, conductor presents Aida
  Concert program; during intermission Raymond Pace Alexander, JD paid special tribute to Conductor Henri Elkan (Schloss 1949). The Dra-Mu Opera Company, "Dra-Mu", was a significant Black opera company in Philadelphia, active during the mid-20th century. Co-founded by Raymond L. Smith and Henri Elkan (Van Atta 1980), the company provided a platform for Black artists to perform operatic works at a time when opportunities in mainstream opera were limited due to racial discrimination.
• Harvest Musical Program
  A musical program sponsored by the Youth and Junior Divisions of The Philadelphia Branch National Association of Negro Musicians Inc.
• Joseph E. Hill School war bond certificate
  Certificate of Joseph E. Hill School buying U.S. war bonds through a systemic purchase plan.
• Joseph E. Hill Public School
  Photograph of Joseph E. Hill Public School
• Acorn Great Oaks Grown Letter
  Letter about Joseph E. Hill Public School. The letter was revised in 1950 but the original date was January 20, 1939 (Willis-Lowry, Leslie 2025), represents a short history of the founding of the Hill School.
• Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School Plaque
  The plaque hung outstide the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School from 1895-1909.
• The 100 Negroes Who Do Most To Build Philadelphia
  Color Magazine, February 1950. Ira James Kohath Wells (1898–1997), founder of Color magazine, was born in Tamo, Arkansas. He earned a business degree from Lincoln University in 1923, where he co-founded the Colored Student Movement and joined the Student Anti-Lynching delegation to President Warren Harding.
• How a Big Business Pays Off In Philadelphia
  Color Magazine, February 1950
• Letter to Mama, From Mary
  Mary, the letter writer, tells her mother she accidentally left a tooth in a glass in the medicine cabinet and asks her to keep it safe until someone can bring it to them. She describes returning late from a weekend visit due to a bus delay, noting that friends Dottie and Deasie enjoyed the trip.
• Land Deed, Matthias Ranck seller to George Dyer; Lancaster, PA
• Land deed 1825 - Samuel seller to Jarvis Wright; Philadelphia, PA
  In colonial times, an indenture was more than what is currently known as a deed. In addition to the transfer and sale of land, it often involved cases where people received land in exchange for labor or some other type of servitude; such a financial remission.
• A Survey of Witherspoon YMCA of Princeton N.J. May and June 1930
• Football Squad Colored YMCA
  YMCA Football team, champions in 1908. Although the team carried the "Princeton YMCA" name, its players were not affiliated with Princeton University but rather with the local Black YMCA chapter.
• Letter, Addie MacLeod to the President, Officers, and members of the Friendship Club, January 3, 1951
• Friendship Club Booklet
• "Emma Green, taken age 16"
• "Nancy Greene, Emma Greene, 1904"
  This photograph is a tintype of Nancy Kate Greene (1875-1926) and her daughter Emma Epps (née Greene) (1902-February 27, 1989), likely taken in Princeton, New Jersey. Invented in the 1850s and produced into the 1900s, tintypes were photographs on thin iron metal that were often hand-colored and mostly used for portraits (Library of Congress, n.d.).
• Emancipator Hard Pressing Iron by Christine Inc.
  Hair straightening iron stored in original orange and black box. Patented by Christine Moore Howell. Christine Moore Howell (1899 - 1972), married to Dr. E. Gaylord Howell, was an inventor, a public servant, a businesswoman, an educator and the founder of Christine Cosmetics, Inc.
• Mrs. Christine Moore Howell presents Paul Robeson in a Program of Negro Spirituals for the Benefit of the Witherspoon Y.M.C.A. 1932 January 28.
  The January 1932 Paul Robeson concert program was hosted by the Witherspoon Y.M.C.A. It was Princeton’s all-Black YMCA branch that served as a social, recreational, educational, and civic hub for nearby Black neighborhoods through the 1930s. It occupied the building at (now) 102 Witherspoon Street (earlier locations at Jackson & Green/Witherspoon) and employed local Black leaders as directors by the 1920s, and is documented in Princeton archives and local histories (Hsp-Admin 2017). 
• Paul Robeson with Christine Moore Howell and a child.
  Paul Robeson with Christine Moore Howell and a child, in front of William Moore’s furniture store on Spring Street.
• Christine Moore Howell; her sister, Bessie; and two men in front of "Christine" Vanity Parlor.
• Citation. Thanks and Appreciation to Christine Howell
  Thanks and Appreciate to "Christine Howell" of The Links, Incorporated - United States of America. Signed Allen Knight Chalmers, President, Board of Directors; Jack Greenberg, Director-Counsel; and Constance Baker Motley, Associate Counsel; The Legal Defense and Educational Fund. 1965 Feb 11
• The Links, Incorporated. Eastern Area Conference, April 11-12, 1969. Theme: The Beauty of Blackness-- Channeling Black Hope.
  The Links, Incorporated—a national volunteer service organization of professional Black women founded by two Black Philadelphians, Madams. Sarah S. Scott and Margaret R. Hawkins in 1946. The Central New Jersey Chapter of The Links, Incorporated was organized in May 1949 in Princeton, NJ, but incorporated in New Brunswick, NJ in 1951(Chapter History 2024). By 1969, The Links had become a prominent and prestigious African American women’s organizations in the United States, known for combining community service, cultural programming, and social networking among accomplished Black women leaders.
• Era Bell Thompson to Christine Moore Howell, letter
  Letter. Era Bell Thompson, Associate Editor to Christine Moore Howell. 1948 November 2. On Ebony letterhead. Requesting answers to questionnaire. With envelope addressed to Christine Beauty Shop / Spring Street / Princeton, N.J.
• Questionnaire for the Magazine Ebony
  This questionnaire entitled “QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE MAGAZINE EBONY----November 6, 1948” is five pages long with responses to 38 questions. The responses are by Christine Moore Howell (March 19, 1898-December 13, 1972) of Princeton, New Jersey.
• Photograph of the cast and crew of David's Rock
  Likely taken during a pre-production rehearsal at a nearby church, as suggested by the rows of pews and hymnals in the foreground.
• David's Rock flyer
  Flyer for David's Rock musical
• David's Rock program
  Music program created by Claude Boyd
• Letter from Anita Cornwell to Audre Lorde
  An impassioned letter between women who had a deep friendship. Audre Lorde (1934 - 1992) was an American poet, novelist, memoirist, essayist (IMDb, n.d.). She received a master’s degree in Library Science and worked as a young adult librarian and school librarian in the 1960’s (Cerro Cosco Community College 2025). She also published poetry influenced by her reactions to racism, sexism, and homophobia. She married and had two children. Her first major book of poetry, Coal was published in 1976, and she continued to publish until her death from liver cancer in 1992.
• Chronicles I, Prose Poems by Anita Cromwell
  Anita Cornwell (1923 - 2023). Ms Cornwell’s “Chronicles 1, Prose Poems in 1986” is captured in digital form. The document opens with a dedication to Cornwell’s mother and a short biography highlighting her career as a writer and playwright, followed by the table of contents that lists five poems. They are: 1. First Love and Other Traumas 2. Second Coming 3. Sordid Mansions 4. In Praise of the Foremothers 5. Remembrance of Sister-Love
• The Griot Press, premiere issue (May 1992)
  Griot Press magazine
• Memorial collage of Jaci Adams photographs / typed biography of Jaci Adams
• Council of the City of Philadelphia, Resolution Honoring the Rich Life and Loving Memory of Jaci Adams
  **Honoring Jaci Adams: A Legacy of Advocacy and Leadership** Jaci Adams (1956 - 2014) was a remarkable transwoman whose life embodied resilience and the "American Dream." Born in Beckley, WV., and raised in North Philadelphia, Adams overcame a history of abuse, addiction, and incarceration to become a fierce advocate for social justice, particularly for the trans community (Staff 2014).
• Tribute to Jaci Duboise Adams
• Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, The House of Representatives, Condolence Resolution
  Condolence resolution in honor of Jaci Adams (1956 - 2014). The law enforcement officer was a remarkable transwoman whose life embodied resilience and the "American Dream." Born in Beckley, WV., and raised in North Philadelphia, Adams overcame a history of abuse, addiction, and incarceration to become a fierce advocate for social justice, particularly for the trans community (Staff 2014).
• Philadelphia Police Department Certificate of Appreciation presented to Jaci Adams
• Gospel Pearls, songbook
  Handwritten inscription of "J. R. Coleman" inside front cover.
• Gospel Songs and Spiritual Poetic Poem Book
  The book “Gospel Songs and Spiritual Poetic Poem Book” by Rev. J. F. Hamlette has four parts and is 56 pages. It has handwritten inscriptions of Ada and George Hightower's names on cover and inside, who were members of the First Colored Church in Hopewell, NJ and were among the first African Americans to live on Columbia Avenue in Hopewell.
• Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church Sunday School
  The Bethel AME Church in Pennington was built in 1816 by a small group of free African Americans who purchased the land as an empty lot, as well as nearby lots for homes (Katmann 2014, 6). This photograph of the church’s Sunday School features nineteen children, some siblings. Patricia (née True) Payne has identified all of the children in the picture. (See reverse)
• Earl's All Girl Chorus
  Earl's All-Girl Chorus was a Pennington singing group directed by Earl Hubbard. Earl Hubbard’s All‑Girl Chorus was a community-based chorus directed by William Earl Hubbard. For a major local pageant celebration, the Chorus performed “1865 Episode VIII” representing the year 1865—supported by an accompanist and wardrobe stylist, and composed of Black women from the area (Pennington Sesquibicentennial 250th Booklet (1958): 1865 - Episode VIII, Earl Hubbard’s Chorus 2025).
• Song Lyrics, Handwritten
  Written by Jean Smith, a member of Earl's All-Girl Chorus, a Pennington singing group directed by Earl Hubbard. These lyric pages show the repertoire for the chorus and include both religious and gospel songs. 94 sheets of loose paper with handwritten song lyrics, mid-20th century.
• Moses Truehart and Eliza Truehart - charcoal drawing, framed (replaced tintype of Corinda) - 2' x 3'
• Letter by Garland Fields Sr. to Emeline Gillette, with envelope and fragments
  Garland Fields Sr. was the father of Beverly Mills's uncle, Garland Fields Jr. Beverly's grandfather. These love letters describe their courtship and his strong feelings for Emeline, who ultimately did not marry him. Letters had been framed, images attached, and removed for digitization.
• Handwritten Stoutsburg Cemetery Ledger
  This handwritten ledger was kept by Herbert Albert Hubbard (June 7, 1875-July 11, 1948), Beverly Mills's (co-founder of the Stoutsburg Sourland African American Museum) great-grandfather, at the Stoutsburg Cemetery. It includes minutes from Stoutsburg Cemetery Association meetings, including hymns sung and fundraising efforts, from 1912 through the 1920s.
• Standing Victrola
  Originally belonged to the Smith brothers (Alfonso, Clarence, Raymond, and Leon), who were born in Neshanic Station to Joseph Smith Jr. and Cora Smith of Pennington. The brothers pooled their money to purchase the Victrola for their family's enjoyment.
• Organ
  Pump organ, pre-1917. Made by the Cornish Company in Washington, NJ, which ended organ production in 1917. Organ was played at the First Baptist Church in Pennington and was similar to the one that provided music at Skillman Camp Meetings from the 1890s - 1930s.
• Group of 1930's - 1940's Church Hats
  Church hats that would have been worn by the ladies of Mt. Zion AME Church in the late 20th century.
• Four Aprons
  Sewn for 10 cents each by ladies of Bethel AME Church in Pennington as a fundraiser. Donor is Constance Driver Wheeler (Wheeler remembers her mother and other ladies of the church sewing the aprons in their home.)
• Wooden collection boxes (two)
  Original to Bethel AME Church. A booklet printed in 1966 in honor of the church’s 150th anniversary says: “Two of the original collection boxes are prize possessions of the church and are still used on special occasions.” On loan from the members of Bethel AME Church in Pennington, NJ
• Toy Violin and Case
  Handmade child's violin and instrument case, late-20th century. Built by Earl Hubbard, a self-taught violinist and music teacher from the Sourlands' Black community, for his niece Danielle Thompson.
• Milk glass chalice (fragment)
  Milk glass chalice (and other archaeological fragments such as nails and bricks), 20th century. Related to the original construction and use of Mt. Zion AME Church
• Paper and rattan church hand fans, 6 fans, 11 sides (Front View)
  Paper and rattan hand fans, mid-20th century. Fans have religious imagery on the front and advertisements for funeral home services on the reverse. Church fans used at Mt. Zion AME Church.
• Billy Truehart milkbox
  "Billy Truehart's milk box," early 20th century. Handmade wooden box with metal letters on three sliding lids and nail heads within each compartment. Made by William "Billy" Truehart, grandson of Friday Truehart, while working as a handyman for the Blackwell family in Trenton, NJ.
• Woven peach basket, early-20th century.
  This woven peach basket was manufactured in the early 1900s by African American workers in the Sourland Mountain peach orchards, a large employer for the local Black community, according to the Stoutsburg Sourland African American Museum. Peach baskets were used to collect peaches during harvest, until the San Jose scale peach blight occurred in the late 1800s.
• Mt. Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church (structure)
  Mt. Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church, built in 1899
• Invitation to Testimonial Dinner to Charles S. Johnson, illustrated by Aaron Douglas.
  Illustration created by Douglas in Philadelphia for an invitation to Testimonial Dinner for Charles S. Johnson in NYC.
• “Meet the Hinksons.”
  “Meet the Hinksons of Philadelphia, Penna.” is a six-page magazine article published in the Ladies’ Home Journal series “How America Lives” in August 1942. The article highlights the everyday life of the Hinkson family, including education, careers, fashion, travel, and home, and the impact of various wars on their lives.
• Letter and enclosures. Ablyne Lockhart to Albert C. Barnes, July 14, 1943. Albert C. Barnes Correspondence, Barnes Foundation Archives
  Lockhart's handwritten letter and sheet music based on spirituals mailed to Barnes
• Program for recital at Ethical Society Auditorium.
  Lockhart's program for recital at Ethical Society Auditorium
• Letter. Paul B. Moses to Violette de Mazia
  Letter from Moses to Violette de Mazia acepting a teaching position at Lincoln University
• Photograph. Paul B. Moses with his painting Ice House
  Paul B. Moses (1929 - 1966) was born in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, attended Lower Merion High School and became one of the first Black undergraduates at Haverford College. Despite facing racism and isolation, he excelled in languages and art, studying abroad in France with the support of Albert C. Barnes, MD. After serving in the U.S. Army, he taught at institutions including the Barnes Foundation, Lincoln University, and at the American Overseas School in Rome before earning a Masters and pursuing a doctorate in art history at Harvard, where his dissertation specialized in Degas’s etchings (Moses and Scharff 2023).
• Postcard. Paul B. Moses to Violette de Mazia
  About 1950, Paul Moses wrote to Violette de Mazia from Europe, joking he once paid for lodging in Venice with a 33⅓ record. Traveling with Philadelphia friends through Capri, Florence, and Venice, he calls Capri the most beautiful place he has seen and looks forward to studying the French Primitives in France with renewed excitement.
• [African American basketball team]
  Group portrait photograph depicting members of an African American basketball team with their coach, probably in Philadelphia. Three players sit on wooden chairs, the middle one with a basketball on his lap. Behind them, the coach and three more players stand and look at the viewer. The athletes are attired in uniforms consisting of a sleeveless shirt with a logo on the front, shorts, knee-length socks, and shoes. Posters for good health and African American participation in athletics hang on the walls, possibly of a Boys' Club or YMCA.
• Base-ball-to-day Philadelphia Giants the fastest colored team in base ball vs Dixfield A.A.
  The Handbill for Philadelphia Giants game, playing at Harlow Park, Dixfield at 3 P.M. Formed in 1902, the Philadelphia Giants was a powerhouse independent Black team until disbanding in 1911, forced by player defections (Wikipedia contributors 2025).
• Georgine E. Upshur Willis and Marie Christmas Harris in Atlantic City
  Photgraph of 2 African American women (Georgine E. Upshur Willis and Marie Christmas Harris) in Atlantic City, NJ
• William Upshur on phone at desk
  A black and white photograph taken by John W. Mosley (1907-1969) featuring William “Bill” Arthur Upshur Jr. (1894-1963) on the phone at his office desk. His business card for his funeral home is stapled to the photo. Another photo flipped right side down sits above. It has handwritten inscriptions.
• Georgine E. Upshur [Willis], 1943 University of Pennsylvania Graduation
  This photograph features Mrs. Georgine "Gene" Elizabeth (née Upshur) Willis posing for her graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1943.
• Georgine Upshur Willis, William Willis, and Agnes Saunders Chew Upshur in formal attire during Christmas holiday
  A black and white photograph featuring Georgine Upshur Willis, her husband William Willis, and her mother Agnes Saunders Chew Upshur in formal attire during the Christmas holiday. More information is available in the annotation of the document.
• Gene's [Georgine E. Upshur [Willis]] Coming Out Party
  This photograph features Georgine “Gene” Elizabeth Upshur Willis and 15 other graduates of Philadelphia High School for Girls in June 1939. They are smiling and dressed up.
• High School "Coming Out Party" for Gene [Georgine E. Upshur [Willis]] 1939 given by her parents Agnes & William A. Upshur, Jr.
  Photograph of Georgine E. Upshur Willis' Coming Out Party
• Letter addressed to “Sir or Madam” from City of Philadelphia Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Recreation about reporting to Funfield Recreation Center “to demonstrate your life saving and swimming ability and training,” June 18, 1942
  Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Recreation letter about swim certification; a 1942 letter from the City of Philadelphia Department of Public Welfare, Bureau of Recreation about swimming training
• Mary Hinkson news clipping
  News clipping about the passing of Mary Hinkson, one of two of the first Black dancers with Martha Graham Dance Company.
• Mrs. Gene Upshur Willis news clippings
  This collection of news clippings are about Upshur family achievements, including: Georgine Upshur and a Y.W.C.A. baby contest, her Philadelphia High School for Girls graduation and coming out parties, and passing of the state mortician’s exam circa 1949.
• Mrs. M. S. Patterson annual event news clipping
  News clipping about dance recital, "The Unveiling of Spring". Mary Emma Saunders (1872 - 1950) was not widely known beyond Philadelphia's church circles and musical societies. Mrs. Mary Saunders Patterson had cultivated a reputation for nurturing young voices with precision and discipline.
• Passport photograph of Agnes Upshur and Georgine Upshur
  An insert from Agnes C. Upshur’s day journal “My Trip Abroad.” The insert features her passport with a passport photograph of her and her young daughter Georgine Elizabeth Upshur. More information is available in the annotation of the document.
• Letter to Georgine Upshur informing her of her nomination for membership in the University of Pennsylvania Delta Chapter of the National Social Science Honor Society – Pi Gamma Mu, October 23, 1942
  This letter was sent to Miss Georgine “Gene” Elizabeth Upshur on October 23, 1942 from Pi Gamma Mu, the National Social Science Honor Society’s Delta Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania notifying her of her nomination for membership.
• National Honor Society news clippings
  A 1938 news clipping about Georgine E. Upshur being elected to the honor society and nomination as the second colored girl in history
• Pi Gamma Mu certificate issued to Georgine Elizabeth Upshur, October 31, 1942
  A certificate verifying Georgine Elizabeth Upshur’s membership in Pennsylvania University’s Delta Chapter of the National Social Science Honor Society of Pi Gamma Mu. The certificate is damaged at the top. More information is available in the annotation of the document.
• Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction Bureau of Professional Licensing Pre-Professional Qualifying Certificate
  This certificate from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction’s Bureau of Professional Licensing Pre-Professional Qualifying Certificate was granted to Georgine E. Upshur for completion of a four-year secondary school course in 1941. This was a modified certificate given to Black educators.
• The Philadelphia High School for Girls commencement announcement
  The 157th Graduating Class: June 16, 1939. The Girls Normal School, aka, Philadelphia High School for Girls was established in 1848 as the first publicly supported high school for girls in Pennsylvania (Wikipedia contributors, n.d.).
• Invitation to the graduation of the University of Pennsylvania classes of 1943
  This invitation card is part of a collection that also includes “Diary of the Women of the Class of 1943, University of Pennsylvania, The 1943 Almanack” containing inserts of correspondence, documents, and programs related to Georgine E. Upshur’s college education at University of Pennsylvania (Georgine E. Upshur Willis Collection n.d.).
• Invitation to the wedding of Cordelia Sanders and Dr. Dehaven Hinkson
  Wedding reception invitation for marriage between Cordelia Sanders and Dr. DeHaven Hinkson.